Vitamin

Vitamin B12

Last reviewed September 28, 20261 sources
In short

Vitamin B12 is needed for red blood cell formation, nerve function and DNA synthesis. It is found naturally almost only in animal foods, so people following vegan diets typically rely on fortified foods or supplements.

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Quick facts

Adult RDA
2.4 mcg/day[1]
Upper limit
None established[1]

Common vitamin b12 supplement forms

  • Cyanocobalamin
  • Methylcobalamin
  • Adenosylcobalamin
  • Hydroxocobalamin

Detailed form pages for Vitamin B12 are being researched.

What researchers have studied it for

Preventing or correcting deficiency

Consistent evidence

Supplements effectively prevent and treat B12 deficiency, including in people with limited dietary intake. Some causes of deficiency require medical treatment rather than self-supplementation.[1]

Evidence labels summarize the overall body of published research for each topic; they are not a recommendation and do not mean a supplement is appropriate for you. Published research

Typical amounts in supplements

Supplements often contain far more than the RDA (for example 250–1,000 mcg), partly because only a small fraction of large oral doses is absorbed.

[1]

These describe what supplements commonly contain and published reference values — not a recommendation for you.

Food sources

  • Fish and shellfish
  • Meat and poultry
  • Eggs and dairy
  • Fortified cereals and nutritional yeast

Potential considerations

  • Older adults, people following vegan diets, and people taking metformin or long-term acid-reducing medications may have lower B12 status.

Products containing vitamin b12

No products listed yet

SuppScout hasn’t added vitamin b12 products yet.

Sources & references

  1. Vitamin B12: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. ods.od.nih.govGovernment

SuppScout links to primary and authoritative sources wherever possible. See our editorial policy for how sources are selected and how corrections are handled.

This page is educational and is not medical advice. Talk to a healthcare professional before starting a supplement, especially if you have a medical condition, take medications, or are pregnant or breastfeeding. Medical disclaimer.